Potato cultivar FL 2101

ABSTRACT

A new potato cultivar designated FL 2101 is disclosed. The invention relates to the tubers of potato variety FL 2101, to the plants and plant parts of potato variety FL 2101, to the seeds of potato variety and to methods for producing a hybrid potato variety. The invention further relates to potato variety tubers, seeds and plants produced by crossing the potato variety FL 2101 with another potato plant, and to Single Gene Converted plants.

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION

The present invention relates to a novel potato variety and to thetubers, plants, plant parts, tissue culture and seeds produced by thatpotato variety. All publications cited in this application are hereinincorporated by reference.

The potato is the world's fourth most important food crop and by far themost important vegetable. Potatoes are currently grown commercially innearly every state of the United States. Annual potato productionexceeds 18 million tons in the United States and 300 million tonsworldwide. The popularity of the potato derives mainly from itsversatility and nutritional value. Potatoes can be used fresh, frozen ordried, or can be processed into flour, starch or alcohol. They containcomplex carbohydrates and are rich in calcium, niacin and vitamin C.

To keep the potato industry growing to meet the needs of the consumingpublic, substantial research and development efforts are devoted to themodernization of planting and harvesting of fields and processing ofpotatoes, and to the development of economically advantageous potatovarieties. Through crossbreeding of potatoes, researchers hope to obtainpotatoes with the desirable characteristics of good processability, highsolids content, high yield, resistance to diseases and pests andadaptability to various growing areas and conditions.

The U.S. acreage planted in potatoes has declined since the 1960s and1970s, and this decline, coupled with increasing consumption, must beoffset by higher useable yields. In some areas, diseases and pestsdamage crops despite the use of herbicides and pesticides. The problemof the golden nematode in the United States, presently endemic toportions of New York State, is one example of the destruction tosusceptible potato varieties. Potato varieties with high yields, diseaseresistance and adaptability to new environments can eliminate manyproblems for the potato grower and provide more plentiful and economicalproducts to the consumers.

For the potato chip processing industry, potatoes having high solidscontent, good shipping qualities and good finished chip color canincrease production volumes and efficiencies and product acceptability.Potato varieties which yield low-solids tubers result in unnecessaryenergy usage during the frying process. Moreover, as solids contentincreases, the oil content of fried products decreases, which is afavorable improvement. Potato varieties in the warm southern tier ofstates are most in need of solids improvement overall, while thosevarieties grown and stored in the colder northern tier of states aremost in need of the ability to recondition after cool or cold storage toincrease their value for use in the potato chip industry. Reconditioningis necessary to elevate the temperature of the potatoes after coldstorage and before further processing.

The research leading to potato varieties which combine the advantageouscharacteristics referred to above is largely empirical. This researchrequires large investments of time, labor, and money. The development ofa potato cultivar can often take up to eight years or more fromgreenhouse to commercial usage. Breeding begins with careful selectionof superior parents to incorporate the most important characteristicsinto the progeny. Since all desired traits usually do not appear withjust one cross, breeding must be cumulative.

Present breeding techniques continue with the controlled pollination ofparental clones. Typically, pollen is collected in gelatin capsules forlater use in pollinating the female parents. Hybrid seeds are sown ingreenhouses and tubers are harvested and retained from thousands ofindividual seedlings. The next year a single tuber from each resultingseedling is planted in the field, where extreme caution is exercised toavoid the spread of virus and diseases. From this first-year seedlingcrop, several seed tubers from each hybrid individual which survived theselection process are retained for the next year's planting. After thesecond year, samples are taken for density measurements and fry tests todetermine the suitability of the tubers for commercial usage. Plantswhich have survived the selection process to this point are then plantedat an expanded volume the third year for a more comprehensive series offry tests and density determinations. At the fourth-year stage ofdevelopment, surviving selections are subjected to field trials inseveral states to determine their adaptability to different growingconditions. Eventually, the varieties having superior qualities aretransferred to other farms and the seed increased to commercial scale.Generally, by this time, eight or more years of planting, harvesting andtesting have been invested in attempting to develop the new and improvedpotato cultivars.

Long-term, controlled-environment storage has been a feature of thenorthern, principal producing areas for many years. Potatoes harvestedby October must be kept in good condition for up to eight months intemperatures that may drop to −30 degrees C. at times and with very lowrelative humidity in the outside air. Storages are well insulated, notonly to prevent heat loss but also to prevent condensation on outsidewalls. The circulation of air at the required temperature and humidityis automatically controlled depending on the purpose for which thepotatoes are being stored. Sprout inhibition is now largely carried outin storage as it has been found to be more satisfactory than theapplication of maleic hydrazide (MH30) in the field.

Proper testing of new plants should detect any major faults andestablish the level of superiority or improvement over currentvarieties. In addition to showing superior performance, a new varietymust be compatible with industry standards or create a new market. Theintroduction of a new variety will increase costs of the tuberpropagator, the grower, processor and consumer for special advertisingand marketing, altered tuber propagation and new product utilization.The testing preceding release of a new variety should take intoconsideration research and development costs as well as technicalsuperiority of the final variety. Once the varieties that give the bestperformance have been identified, the tuber can be propagatedindefinitely as long as the homogeneity of the variety parent ismaintained.

For tuber propagated varieties, it must be feasible to produce, storeand process potatoes easily and economically. Thus, there is acontinuing need to develop potato cultivars which provide goodprocessability out of storage, with minimal bruising, for manufacturersof potato chips and other potato products and to combine thischaracteristic with the properties of disease and pest resistance. Thepresent invention addresses this need by providing the new variety asdescribed herein.

The foregoing examples of the related art and limitations relatedtherewith are intended to be illustrative and not exclusive. Otherlimitations of the related art will become apparent to those of skill inthe art upon a reading of the specification.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION

The following embodiments and aspects thereof are described inconjunction with systems, tools and methods which are meant to beexemplary and illustrative, not limiting in scope. In variousembodiments, one or more of the above-described problems have beenreduced or eliminated, while other embodiments are directed to otherimprovements.

According to the invention, there is provided a new potato cultivar ofthe genus and species, Solanum tuberosum, designated FL 2101. Thisinvention thus relates to the tubers of potato variety FL 2101, theplants and plant parts of potato variety FL 2101 and to methods forproducing a potato plant produced by crossing the potato variety FL 2101with itself or another potato variety. This invention further relates tohybrid potato seeds and plants produced by crossing the potato varietyFL 2101 with another potato plant.

In another aspect, the present invention provides for Single GeneConverted plants of FL 2101. The single gene transferred may be adominant or recessive allele. Preferably, the single gene transferredwill confer such traits as herbicide resistance, insect resistance,resistance for bacterial, fungal or viral disease, uniformity andincrease in concentration of starch and other carbohydrates, decrease intendency of tuber to bruise and decrease in the rate of conversion ofstarch to sugars. The single gene transferred may be a naturallyoccurring gene or a transgene introduced through genetic engineeringtechniques.

In addition to the exemplary aspects and embodiments described above,further aspects and embodiments will become apparent by study of thefollowing descriptions.

Definitions

In the description and tables which follow, a number of terms are used.In order to provide a clear and consistent understanding of thespecification and claims, including the scope to be given such terms,the following definitions are provided:

Allele. Allele is any of one or more alternative forms of a gene, all ofwhich alleles relate to one trait or characteristic. In a diploid cellor organism, the two alleles of a given gene occupy corresponding locion a pair of homologous chromosomes.

Backcrossing. Backcrossing is a process in which a breeder repeatedlycrosses hybrid progeny back to one of the parents, for example, a firstgeneration hybrid F₁ with one of the parental genotypes of the F₁hybrid.

Black spot. Black spots found in bruised tuber tissue are a result of apigment called melanin that is produced following the injury of cellsand gives tissue a brown, gray or black appearance. Melanin is formedwhen phenol substrates and an appropriate enzyme come in contact witheach other as a result of cellular damage. The damage does not requirebroken cells. However, mixing of the substrate and enzyme must occur,usually when the tissue is impacted. Black spots occur primarily in theperimedullary tissue just beneath the vascular ring, but may be largeenough to include a portion of the cortical tissue.

Cotyledon. A cotyledon is a type of seed leaf. The cotyledon containsthe food storage tissues of the seed.

Embryo. The embryo is the small plant contained within a mature seed.

FL Solids. Percentage of solid matter contained in tubers. FLSolids=(178.93 specific gravity)-175.560.

Hypocotyl. A hypocotyl is the portion of an embryo or seedling betweenthe cotyledons and the root. Therefore, it can be considered atransition zone between shoot and root.

Quantitative Trait Loci (QTL). Quantitative trait loci (QTL) refer togenetic loci that control to some degree numerically representabletraits that are usually continuously distributed.

Regeneration. Regeneration refers to the development of a plant fromtissue culture.

Single Gene Converted (Conversion). Single gene converted (conversion)plant refers to plants which are developed by a plant breeding techniquecalled backcrossing wherein essentially all of the desired morphologicaland physiological characteristics of a variety are recovered in additionto the single gene transferred into the variety via the backcrossingtechnique or via genetic engineering.

Solid/Acre. Marketable yield (in pounds)×FL Solids.

Total Yield. Total weight of all harvested tubers.

Marketable Yield. Weight of all tubers harvested that are between 2 and4 inches in diameter; Measured in cwt (hundred weight) cwt=100 pounds

Vine Maturity. A visual measure of a plants ability to continue toutilize carbohydrates and photosynthesize. Measured on a scale of 1 to5, where 1=dead vines and 5=vines green and still flowering.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

A potato cultivar of the present invention, designated FL 2101, has beenobtained by selectively crossbreeding parental clones through severalgenerations. The parent RD 248-91 was selected as a breeding parentbecause of its high solids, good storage color, and exceptional flavor.The parent FL 1625 was selected as a breeding parent because of itsresistance to Late Blight and excellent chip color out of storage.

FL 2101 is similar to Atlantic however FL 2101 can be distinguished fromAtlantic with regard to the following traits: FL 2101 has a spreadinggrowth habit, whereas Atlantic has a semi-erect growth habit. FL 2101has a medium anthocyanin coloration compared to Atlantic where thecoloration is weak. FL 2101 has a greyed-yellow (RHS 160A) tuber fleshcolor, while Atlantic has a yellow-white (RHS 158A) tuber flesh color.The anthers of FL 2101 are yellow-orange (RHS 14A) whereas the anthersof Atlantic are bright yellow (RHS 6A). The stigma of FL 2101 is green(RHS 137A) whereas the stigma of Atlantic is dark yellow-green (RHS146B). FL 2101 has 7.3+/−1.16 (n=20) florets while Atlantic has17.9+/−0.75 (n=20) florets. FL 2101 has 5.85+/−0.274 (n=20) secondaryand tertiary leaflet pairs while Atlantic has only 8.35+/−0.39 (n=20)secondary and tertiary leaflet pairs. FL 2101 has below average bruisingwhile Atlantic has above average bruising.

FL 2101 has round tubers with grey-yellow (RHS 160A) flesh and deepapical eyes. Its outstanding attributes are high solids, low bruising,and excellent fry color fresh through late storage. FL 2101 has beenuniform and stable since its origin as a single plant in 1999. Novariants of FL 2101 have been observed.

In addition to the morphological characteristics and disease and pestresistance as described above, the plants of this invention arecharacterized by their protein “fingerprint” patterns. The protein“fingerprint” is determined by extracting tuber proteins and separatingthe proteins on an electrophoretic gel under certain defined conditions.The pattern of the proteins, attributable to their differentialmobilities on the electrophoretic gel, has been found to becharacteristic of the particular plant involved. This pattern has thusbeen termed a “fingerprint”. Isozyme fingerprints of all available NorthAmerican potato varieties have revealed that no two varieties have thesame pattern for the enzymes tested (Douches and Ludlam, 1991). Theisozyme fingerprint of FL 2101 has been established as distinct fromthat of any other variety tested, including Atlantic.

Potato variety FL 2101 has the following morphologic and othercharacteristics.

TABLE 1 VARIETY DESCRIPTION INFORMATION Classification: Solanumtuberosum L. Plant characteristics: (Observed at beginning of bloom)Growth habit: Spreading Type: Intermediate Maturity: 112-119 days afterplanting (DAP) at vine senescence Planting Date: May 27, 2005 RegionalArea: Rhinelander, WI Maturity Class: Mid season Stem Characteristics:(Observed at early first bloom) Stem (anthocyanin coloration): MediumStem (wings): Medium Leaf Characteristics: (Observed fully developedleaves located in the middle one-third of plant): Leaf (color): RHS 147A(medium green) Leaf (silhouette): Open Leaf stipules (size): SmallPetioles (anthocyanin coloration): Medium Terminal leaflet (shape):Narrowly ovate Terminal leaflet (shape of tip): Acuminate Terminalleaflet (shape of base) Cordate to truncate Terminal leaflet (marginwaviness): Weak Primary leaflets (average pairs): 4.4 Primary leaflets(shape of tip): Cuspidate to acuminate Primary leaflets (size): LargePrimary leaflets (shape): Narrowly ovate Primary leaflets (shape ofbase): Cordate and lobed Number of leaflets (secondary and tertiary):5.85 Inflorescence Characteristics: Number of inflorescence/plant: 3.0Number of florets/inflorescence: 7.3 Corolla (shape): Pentagonal Corolla(inner surface color): RHS 82D (red-violet) Corolla (outer surfacecolor): RHS 82D Calyx (anthocyanin coloration): Strong Anthers (color):RHS 14A Anthers (shape): Narrow cone to pear-shaped cone Pollen(production): Abundant Stigma (shape): Capitate Stigma (color): RHS 137ATuber Characteristics Skin (predominant color): RHS 199B (tan) Skin(secondary color): Absent Skin (texture): Rough (flaky) Tuber (shape):Round Tuber (thickness): Medium thick Tuber length (mm): 69.6 Tuberwidth (mm): 70.16 Tuber weight (lbs): 33.7 Tuber thickness (mm): 55.7Tuber eyes (depth): Deep Tuber eyes (lateral): Shallow Tuber eyes(number): 8.4 Tuber eyes (distribution): Predominantly apical Tuber(primary flesh color): RHS 160A Tuber (secondary flesh color): AbsentTuber (prominence of eyebrows): Slight prominence Disease and pestreactions: Bacterial ring rot (foliar reaction): Susceptible Late blight(foliar reaction): Susceptible

Further Embodiments of the Invention

With the advent of molecular biological techniques that have allowed theisolation and characterization of genes that encode specific proteinproducts, scientists in the field of plant biology developed a stronginterest in engineering the genome of plants to contain and expressforeign genes, or additional, or modified versions of native, orendogenous, genes (perhaps driven by different promoters) in order toalter the traits of a plant in a specific manner. Such foreignadditional and/or modified genes are referred to herein collectively as“transgenes”. Over the last fifteen to twenty years several methods forproducing transgenic plants have been developed, and the presentinvention, in particular embodiments, also relates to transformedversions of the claimed variety or line.

Plant transformation involves the construction of an expression vectorwhich will function in plant cells. Such a vector comprises DNAcomprising a gene under control of, or operatively linked to, aregulatory element (for example, a promoter). The expression vector maycontain one or more such operably linked gene/regulatory elementcombinations. The vector(s) may be in the form of a plasmid, and can beused alone or in combination with other plasmids, to provide transformedpotato plants, using transformation methods as described below toincorporate transgenes into the genetic material of the potato plant(s).

Expression Vectors for Potato Transformation: Marker Genes

Expression vectors include at least one genetic marker, operably linkedto a regulatory element (a promoter, for example) that allowstransformed cells containing the marker to be either recovered bynegative selection, i.e., inhibiting growth of cells that do not containthe selectable marker gene, or by positive selection, i.e., screeningfor the product encoded by the genetic marker. Many commonly usedselectable marker genes for plant transformation are well known in thetransformation arts, and include, for example, genes that code forenzymes that metabolically detoxify a selective chemical agent which maybe an antibiotic or an herbicide, or genes that encode an altered targetwhich is insensitive to the inhibitor. A few positive selection methodsare also known in the art.

One commonly used selectable marker gene for plant transformation is theneomycin phosphotransferase II (nptII) gene which, when under thecontrol of plant regulatory signals, confers resistance to kanamycin.Fraley et al., Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A., 80:4803 (1983). Anothercommonly used selectable marker gene is the hygromycinphosphotransferase gene which confers resistance to the antibiotichygromycin. Vanden Elzen et al., Plant Mol. Biol., 5:299 (1985).

Additional selectable marker genes of bacterial origin that conferresistance to antibiotics include gentamycin acetyl transferase,streptomycin phosphotransferase and aminoglycoside-3′-adenyltransferase, the bleomycin resistance determinant (Hayford et al., PlantPhysiol. 86:1216 (1988), Jones et al., Mol. Gen. Genet., 210:86 (1987),Svab et al., Plant Mol. Biol. 14:197 (1990), Hille et al., Plant Mol.Biol. 7:171 (1986)). Other selectable marker genes confer resistance toherbicides such as glyphosate, glufosinate or bromoxynil (Comai et al.,Nature 317:741-744 (1985), Gordon-Kamm et al., Plant Cell 2:603-618(1990) and Stalker et al., Science 242:419-423 (1988)).

Selectable marker genes for plant transformation that are not ofbacterial origin include, for example, mouse dihydrofolate reductase,plant 5-enolpyruvylshikimate-3-phosphate synthase and plant acetolactatesynthase (Eichholtz et al., Somatic Cell Mol. Genet. 13:67 (1987), Shahet al., Science 233:478 (1986), Charest et al., Plant Cell Rep. 8:643(1990)).

Another class of marker genes for plant transformation requiresscreening of presumptively transformed plant cells rather than directgenetic selection of transformed cells for resistance to a toxicsubstance such as an antibiotic. These genes are particularly useful toquantify or visualize the spatial pattern of expression of a gene inspecific tissues and are frequently referred to as reporter genesbecause they can be fused to a gene or gene regulatory sequence for theinvestigation of gene expression. Commonly used genes for screeningpresumptively transformed cells include β-glucuronidase (GUS),β-galactosidase, luciferase and chloramphenicol acetyltransferase(Jefferson, R. A., Plant Mol. Biol. Rep. 5:387 (1987), Teeri et al.,EMBO J. 8:343 (1989), Koncz et al., Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 84:131(1987), DeBlock et al., EMBO J. 3:1681 (1984)).

In vivo methods for visualizing GUS activity that do not requiredestruction of plant tissue are available (Molecular Probes publication2908, IMAGENE GREEN, p. 1-4 (1993) and Naleway et al., J. Cell Biol.115:151a (1991)). However, these in vivo methods for visualizing GUSactivity have not proven useful for recovery of transformed cellsbecause of low sensitivity, high fluorescent backgrounds and limitationsassociated with the use of luciferase genes as selectable markers.

More recently, a gene encoding Green Fluorescent Protein (GFP) has beenutilized as a marker for gene expression in prokaryotic and eukaryoticcells (Chalfie et al., Science 263:802 (1994)). GFP and mutants of GFPmay be used as screenable markers.

Expression Vectors for Potato Transformation: Promoters

Genes included in expression vectors must be driven by a nucleotidesequence comprising a regulatory element, for example, a promoter.Several types of promoters are well known in the transformation arts asare other regulatory elements that can be used alone or in combinationwith promoters.

As used herein, “promoter” includes reference to a region of DNAupstream from the start of transcription and involved in recognition andbinding of RNA polymerase and other proteins to initiate transcription.A “plant promoter” is a promoter capable of initiating transcription inplant cells. Examples of promoters under developmental control includepromoters that preferentially initiate transcription in certain tissues,such as leaves, roots, seeds, fibers, xylem vessels, tracheids, orsclerenchyma. Such promoters are referred to as “tissue-preferred”.Promoters that initiate transcription only in a certain tissue arereferred to as “tissue-specific”. A “cell-type” specific promoterprimarily drives expression in certain cell types in one or more organs,for example, vascular cells in roots or leaves. An “inducible” promoteris a promoter which is under environmental control. Examples ofenvironmental conditions that may effect transcription by induciblepromoters include anaerobic conditions or the presence of light.Tissue-specific, tissue-preferred, cell type specific, and induciblepromoters constitute the class of “non-constitutive” promoters. A“constitutive” promoter is a promoter that is active under mostenvironmental conditions.

A. Inducible Promoters—An inducible promoter is operably linked to agene for expression in potato. Optionally, the inducible promoter isoperably linked to a nucleotide sequence encoding a signal sequencewhich is operably linked to a gene for expression in potato. With aninducible promoter the rate of transcription increases in response to aninducing agent.

Any inducible promoter can be used in the instant invention. See Ward etal., Plant Mol. Biol. 22:361-366 (1993). Exemplary inducible promotersinclude, but are not limited to, that from the ACEI system whichresponds to copper (Mett et al., PNAS 90:4567-4571 (1993)); In2 genefrom maize which responds to benzenesulfonamide herbicide safeners(Hershey et al., Mol. Gen. Genetics 227:229-237 (1991) and Gatz et al.,Mol. Gen. Genetics 243:32-38 (1994)) or Tet repressor from Tn10 (Gatz etal., Mol. Gen. Genetics 227:229-237 (1991)). A particularly preferredinducible promoter is a promoter that responds to an inducing agent towhich plants do not normally respond. An exemplary inducible promoter isthe inducible promoter from a steroid hormone gene, the transcriptionalactivity of which is induced by a glucocorticosteroid hormone. Schena etal., Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 88:0421 (1991).

B. Constitutive Promoters—A constitutive promoter is operably linked toa gene for expression in potato or the constitutive promoter is operablylinked to a nucleotide sequence encoding a signal sequence which isoperably linked to a gene for expression in potato.

Many different constitutive promoters can be utilized in the instantinvention. Exemplary constitutive promoters include, but are not limitedto, the promoters from plant viruses such as the 35S promoter from CaMV(Odell et al., Nature 313:810-812 (1985)) and the promoters from suchgenes as rice actin (McElroy et al., Plant Cell 2: 163-171 (1990));ubiquitin (Christensen et al., Plant Mol. Biol. 12:619-632 (1989) andChristensen et al., Plant Mol. Biol. 18:675-689 (1992)); pEMU (Last etal., Theor. Appl. Genet. 81:581-588 (1991)); MAS (Velten et al., EMBO J.3:2723-2730 (1984)) and maize H3 histone (Lepetit et al., Mol. Gen.Genetics 231:276-285 (1992) and Atanassova et al., Plant Journal 2 (3):291-300 (1992)).

The ALS promoter, Xba1/NcoI fragment 5′ to the Brassica napus ALS3structural gene (or a nucleotide sequence similarity to said Xba1/NcoIfragment), represents a particularly useful constitutive promoter. SeePCT application WO 96/30530.

C. Tissue-specific or Tissue-preferred Promoters—A tissue-specificpromoter is operably linked to a gene for expression in potato.Optionally, the tissue-specific promoter is operably linked to anucleotide sequence encoding a signal sequence which is operably linkedto a gene for expression in potato. Plants transformed with a gene ofinterest operably linked to a tissue-specific promoter produce theprotein product of the transgene exclusively, or preferentially, in aspecific tissue.

Any tissue-specific or tissue-preferred promoter can be utilized in theinstant invention. Exemplary tissue-specific or tissue-preferredpromoters include, but are not limited to, a root-preferredpromoter—such as that from the phaseolin gene (Murai et al., Science23:476-482 (1983) and Sengupta-Gopalan et al., Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci.U.S.A. 82:3320-3324 (1985)); a leaf-specific and light-induced promotersuch as that from cab or rubisco (Simpson et al., EMBO J.4(11):2723-2729 (1985) and Timko et al., Nature 318:579-582 (1985)); ananther-specific promoter such as that from LAT52 (Twell et al., Mol.Gen. Genetics 217:240-245 (1989)); a pollen-specific promoter such asthat from Zm13 (Guerrero et al., Mol. Gen. Genetics 244:161-168 (1993))or a microspore-preferred promoter such as that from apg (Twell et al.,Sex. Plant Reprod. 6:217-224 (1993)).

Signal Sequences for Targeting Proteins to Subcellular Compartments

Transport of protein produced by transgenes to a subcellular compartmentsuch as the chloroplast, vacuole, peroxisome, glyoxysome, cell wall ormitochondrion or for secretion into the apoplast, is accomplished bymeans of operably linking the nucleotide sequence encoding a signalsequence to the 5′ and/or 3′ region of a gene encoding the protein ofinterest. Targeting sequences at the 5′ and/or 3′ end of the structuralgene may determine, during protein synthesis and processing, where theencoded protein is ultimately compartmentalized.

The presence of a signal sequence directs a polypeptide to either anintracellular organelle or subcellular compartment or for secretion tothe apoplast. Many signal sequences are known in the art. See, forexample, Becker et al., Plant Mol. Biol. 20:49 (1992); Close, P. S.,Master's Thesis, Iowa State University (1993); Knox, C., et al., PlantMol. Biol. 9:3-17 (1987); Lerner et al., Plant Physiol. 91:124-129(1989); Frontes et al., Plant Cell 3:483-496 (1991); Matsuoka et al.,Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. 88:834 (1991); Gould et al., J. Cell. Biol.108:1657 (1989); Creissen et al., Plant J. 2:129 (1991); Kalderon, etal., Cell 39:499-509 (1984); Steifel, et al., Plant Cell 2:785-793(1990).

Foreign Protein Genes and Agronomic Genes

With transgenic plants according to the present invention, a foreignprotein can be produced in commercial quantities. Thus, techniques forthe selection and propagation of transformed plants, which are wellunderstood in the art, yield a plurality of transgenic plants which areharvested in a conventional manner, and a foreign protein then can beextracted from a tissue of interest or from total biomass. Proteinextraction from plant biomass can be accomplished by known methods whichare discussed, for example, by Heney and Orr, Anal. Biochem. 114:92-6(1981).

According to a preferred embodiment, the transgenic plant provided forcommercial production of foreign protein is a potato plant. In anotherpreferred embodiment, the biomass of interest is seed or tubers. For therelatively small number of transgenic plants that show higher levels ofexpression, a genetic map can be generated, primarily via conventionalRFLP, PCR and SSR analysis, which identifies the approximate chromosomallocation of the integrated DNA molecule. For exemplary methodologies inthis regard, see Glick and Thompson, Methods in Plant Molecular Biologyand Biotechnology CRC Press, Boca Raton 269:284 (1993). Map informationconcerning chromosomal location is useful for proprietary protection ofa subject transgenic plant. If unauthorized propagation is undertakenand crosses made with other germplasm, the map of the integration regioncan be compared to similar maps for suspect plants, to determine if thelatter have a common parentage with the subject plant. Map comparisonswould involve hybridizations, RFLP, PCR, SSR and sequencing, all ofwhich are conventional techniques.

Likewise, by means of the present invention, agronomic genes can beexpressed in transformed plants. More particularly, plants can begenetically engineered to express various phenotypes of agronomicinterest. Exemplary genes implicated in this regard include, but are notlimited to, those categorized below:

1. Genes That Confer Resistance to Pests or Disease and That Encode:

A. Plant disease resistance genes. Plant defenses are often activated byspecific interaction between the product of a disease resistance gene(R) in the plant and the product of a corresponding avirulence (Avr)gene in the pathogen. A plant variety can be transformed with clonedresistance gene(s) to engineer plants that are resistant to specificpathogen strains. See, for example Jones et al., Science 266:789 (1994)(cloning of the tomato Cf-9 gene for resistance to Cladosporium fulvum);Martin et al., Science 262:1432 (1993) (tomato Pto gene for resistanceto Pseudomonas syringae pv. tomato encodes a protein kinase); Mindrinoset al. Cell 78:1089 (1994) (Arabidopsis RSP2 gene for resistance toPseudomonas syringae).

B. A gene conferring resistance to a pest, such as potato cyst nematode.See e.g., PCT Application WO 96/30517; PCT Application WO 93/19181.

C. A Bacillus thuringiensis protein, a derivative thereof or a syntheticpolypeptide modeled thereon. See, for example, Geiser et al., Gene48:109 (1986), who disclose the cloning and nucleotide sequence of a Btδ-endotoxin gene. Moreover, DNA molecules encoding δ-endotoxin genes canbe purchased from American Type Culture Collection, Manassas, Va., forexample, under ATCC Accession Nos. 40098, 67136, 31995 and 31998.

D. A lectin. See, for example, Van Damme et al., Plant Molec. Biol.24:25 (1994), who disclose the nucleotide sequences of several Cliviaminiata mannose-binding lectin genes.

E. A vitamin-binding protein such as avidin. See PCT applicationUS93/06487 which teaches the use of avidin and avidin homologues aslarvicides against insect pests.

F. An enzyme inhibitor, for example, a protease or proteinase inhibitoror an amylase inhibitor. See, for example, Abe et al., J. Biol. Chem.262:16793 (1987) (nucleotide sequence of rice cysteine proteinaseinhibitor), Huub et al., Plant Molec. Biol. 21:985 (1993) (nucleotidesequence of cDNA encoding tobacco proteinase inhibitor I), Sumitani etal., Biosci. Biotech. Biochem. 57:1243 (1993) (nucleotide sequence ofStreptomyces nitrosporeus α-amylase inhibitor) and U.S. Pat. No.5,494,813 (Hepher and Atkinson, issued Feb. 27, 1996).

G. An insect-specific hormone or pheromone such as an ecdysteroid orjuvenile hormone, a variant thereof, a mimetic based thereon, or anantagonist or agonist thereof. See, for example, the disclosure byHammock et al., Nature 344:458 (1990), of baculovirus expression ofcloned juvenile hormone esterase, an inactivator of juvenile hormone.

H. An insect-specific peptide or neuropeptide which, upon expression,disrupts the physiology of the affected pest. For example, see thedisclosures of Regan, J. Biol. Chem. 269:9 (1994) (expression cloningyields DNA coding for insect diuretic hormone receptor), and Pratt etal., Biochem. Biophys. Res. Comm. 163:1243 (1989) (an allostatin isidentified in Diploptera puntata). See also U.S. Pat. No. 5,266,317 toTomalski et al., who disclose genes encoding insect-specific, paralyticneurotoxins.

I. An insect-specific venom produced in nature by a snake, a wasp, etc.For example, see Pang et al., Gene 116:165 (1992), for disclosure ofheterologous expression in plants of a gene coding for a scorpioninsectotoxic peptide.

J. An enzyme responsible for a hyperaccumulation of a monoterpene, asesquiterpene, a steroid, hydroxamic acid, a phenylpropanoid derivativeor another non-protein molecule with insecticidal activity.

K. An enzyme involved in the modification, including thepost-translational modification, of a biologically active molecule; forexample, a glycolytic enzyme, a proteolytic enzyme, a lipolytic enzyme,a nuclease, a cyclase, a transaminase, an esterase, a hydrolase, aphosphatase, a kinase, a phosphorylase, a polymerase, an elastase, achitinase and a glucanase, whether natural or synthetic. See PCTapplication WO 93/02197 (Scott et al.), which discloses the nucleotidesequence of a callase gene. DNA molecules which containchitinase-encoding sequences can be obtained, for example, from the ATCCunder Accession Nos. 39637 and 67152. See also Kramer et al., InsectBiochem. Molec. Biol. 23:691 (1993), who teach the nucleotide sequenceof a cDNA encoding tobacco hornworm chitinase, and Kawalleck et al.,Plant Molec. Biol. 21:673 (1993), who provide the nucleotide sequence ofthe parsley ubi4-2 polyubiquitin gene.

L. A molecule that stimulates signal transduction. For example, see thedisclosure by Botella et al., Plant Molec. Biol. 24:757 (1994), ofnucleotide sequences for mung bean calmodulin cDNA clones, and Griess etal., Plant Physiol. 104:1467 (1994), who provide the nucleotide sequenceof a maize calmodulin cDNA clone.

M. A hydrophobic moment peptide. See PCT application WO 95/16776, whichdiscloses peptide derivatives of Tachyplesin which inhibit fungal plantpathogens, and PCT application WO 95/18855 which teaches syntheticantimicrobial peptides that confer disease resistance.

N. A membrane permease, a channel former or a channel blocker. Forexample, see the disclosure of Jaynes et al., Plant Sci 89:43 (1993), ofheterologous expression of a cecropin-β lytic peptide analog to rendertransgenic tobacco plants resistant to Pseudomonas solanacearum.

O. A viral-invasive protein or a complex toxin derived therefrom. Forexample, the accumulation of viral coat proteins in transformed plantcells imparts resistance to viral infection and/or disease developmenteffected by the virus from which the coat protein gene is derived, aswell as by related viruses. See Beachy et al., Ann. Rev. Phytopathol.28:451 (1990). Coat protein-mediated resistance has been conferred upontransformed plants against alfalfa mosaic virus, cucumber mosaic virusand tobacco mosaic virus.

P. An insect-specific antibody or an immunotoxin derived therefrom.Thus, an antibody targeted to a critical metabolic function in theinsect gut would inactivate an affected enzyme, killing the insect. Cf.Taylor et al., Abstract #497, Seventh Int'l Symposium on MolecularPlant-Microbe Interactions (Edinburgh, Scotland) (1994) (enzymaticinactivation in transgenic tobacco via production of single-chainantibody fragments).

Q. A virus-specific antibody. See, for example, Tavladoraki et al.,Nature 366:469 (1993), who show that transgenic plants expressingrecombinant antibody genes are protected from virus attack.

R. A developmental-arrestive protein produced in nature by a pathogen ora parasite. Thus, fungal endo-α-1,4-D-polygalacturonases facilitatefungal colonization and plant nutrient release by solubilizing plantcell wall homo-α-1,4-D-galacturonase. See Lamb et al., Bio/Technology10:1436 (1992). The cloning and characterization of a gene which encodesa bean endopolygalacturonase-inhibiting protein is described by Toubartet al., Plant J. 2:367 (1992).

S. A developmental-arrestive protein produced in nature by a plant. Forexample, Logemann et al., Bio/Technology 10:305 (1992), have shown thattransgenic plants expressing the barley ribosome-inactivating gene havean increased resistance to fungal disease.

T. Genes involved in the Systemic Acquired Resistance (SAR) Responseand/or the pathogenesis-related genes. Briggs, S. Current Biology, 5(2)(1995).

U. Antifungal genes. See Cornelissen and Melchers, Plant Physiol.,101:709-712 (1993); Parijs et al., Planta 183:258-264 (1991) andBushnell et al., Can. J. of Plant Path. 20(2):137-149 (1998).

2. Genes That Confer Resistance to an Herbicide, For Example:

A. An herbicide that inhibits the growing point or meristem, such as animidazolinone or a sulfonylurea. Exemplary genes in this category codefor mutant ALS and AHAS enzyme as described, for example, by Lee et al.,EMBO J. 7:1241 (1988), and Miki et al., Theor. Appl. Genet. 80:449(1990), respectively.

B. Glyphosate (resistance impaired by mutant5-enolpyruvishikimate-3-phosphate synthase (EPSP) and aroA genes,respectively) and other phosphono compounds such as glufosinate(phosphinothricin acetyl transferase (PAT) and Streptomyceshygroscopicus PAT bar genes), and pyridinoxy or phenoxy proprionic acidsand cyclohexones (ACCase inhibitor-encoding genes). See, for example,U.S. Pat. No. 4,940,835 to Shah, et al., which discloses the nucleotidesequence of a form of EPSP which can confer glyphosate resistance. A DNAmolecule encoding a mutant aroA gene can be obtained under ATCCaccession number 39256, and the nucleotide sequence of the mutant geneis disclosed in U.S. Pat. No. 4,769,061 to Comai. European patentapplication No. 0 333 033 to Kumada et al., and U.S. Pat. No. 4,975,374to Goodman et al., disclose nucleotide sequences of glutamine synthetasegenes which confer resistance to herbicides such as L-phosphinothricin.The nucleotide sequence of a PAT gene is provided in Europeanapplication No. 0 242 246 to Leemans et al. DeGreef et al.,Bio/Technology 7:61 (1989) describe the production of transgenic plantsthat express chimeric bar genes coding for phosphinothricin acetyltransferase activity. Exemplary of genes conferring resistance tophenoxy proprionic acids and cyclohexones, such as sethoxydim andhaloxyfop are the Acc1-S1, Acc1-S2, and Acc2-S3 genes described byMarshall et al., Theor. Appl. Genet. 83:435 (1992).

C. An herbicide that inhibits photosynthesis, such as a triazine (psbAand gs+ genes) or a benzonitrile (nitrilase gene). Przibila et al.,Plant Cell 3:169 (1991), describe the transformation of Chlamydomonaswith plasmids encoding mutant psbA genes. Nucleotide sequences fornitrilase genes are disclosed in U.S. Pat. No. 4,810,648 to Stalker andDNA molecules containing these genes are available under ATCC AccessionNos. 53435, 67441 and 67442. Cloning and expression of DNA coding for aglutathione S-transferase is described by Hayes et al., Biochem. J.285:173 (1992).

D. Acetohydroxy acid synthase, which has been found to make plants thatexpress this enzyme resistant to multiple types of herbicides, has beenintroduced into a variety of plants. See Hattori et al., Mol. Gen.Genet. 246:419, 1995. Other genes that confer tolerance to herbicidesinclude a gene encoding a chimeric protein of rat cytochrome P4507A1 andyeast NADPH-cytochrome P450 oxidoreductase (Shiota et al., PlantPhysiol., 106:17, 1994), genes for glutathione reductase and superoxidedismutase (Aono et al., Plant Cell Physiol. 36:1687, 1995), and genesfor various phosphotransferases (Datta et al., Plant Mol. Biol. 20:619,1992).

E. Protoporphyrinogen oxidase (protox) is necessary for the productionof chlorophyll, which is necessary for all plant survival. The protoxenzyme serves as the target for a variety of herbicidal compounds. Theseherbicides also inhibit growth of all the different species of plantspresent, causing their total destruction. The development of plantscontaining altered protox activity which are resistant to theseherbicides are described in U.S. Pat. Nos. 6,288,306; 6,282,837;5,767,373; and international publication WO 01/12825.

3. Genes That Confer or Contribute to a Value-Added Trait, Such as:

A. Modified fatty acid metabolism, for example, by transforming a plantwith an antisense gene of stearyl-ACP desaturase to increase stearicacid content of the plant. See Knultzon et al., Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci.U.S.A. 89:2625 (1992).

B. Decreased phytate content—1) Introduction of a phytase-encoding genewould enhance breakdown of phytate, adding more free phosphate to thetransformed plant. For example, see Van Hartingsveldt et al., Gene127:87 (1993), for a disclosure of the nucleotide sequence of anAspergillus niger phytase gene. 2) A gene could be introduced thatreduced phytate content. In maize, for example, this could beaccomplished by cloning and then reintroducing DNA associated with thesingle allele which is responsible for maize mutants characterized bylow levels of phytic acid. See Raboy et al., Maydica 35:383 (1990).

C. Modified carbohydrate composition effected, for example, bytransforming plants with a gene coding for an enzyme that alters thebranching pattern of starch. See Shiroza et al., J. Bacteriol. 170:810(1988) (nucleotide sequence of Streptococcus mutantsfructosyltransferase gene), Steinmetz et al., Mol. Gen. Genet. 20:220(1985) (nucleotide sequence of Bacillus subtilis levansucrase gene), Penet al., Bio/Technology 10:292 (1992) (production of transgenic plantsthat express Bacillus licheniformis α-amylase), Elliot et al., PlantMolec. Biol. 21:515 (1993) (nucleotide sequences of tomato invertasegenes), S{acute over (ø)}gaard et al., J. Biol. Chem. 268:22480 (1993)(site-directed mutagenesis of barley α-amylase gene), and Fisher et al.,Plant Physiol. 102:1045 (1993) (maize endosperm starch branching enzymeII).

D. Elevated oleic acid via FAD-2 gene modification and/or decreasedlinolenic acid via FAD-3 gene modification. See U.S. Pat. Nos.6,063,947; 6,323,392; and international publication WO 93/11245.

4. Genes that Control Male Sterility

A. Introduction of a deacetylase gene under the control of atapetum-specific promoter and with the application of the chemicalN-Ac-PPT. See international publication WO 01/29237.

B. Introduction of various stamen-specific promoters. See internationalpublications WO 92/13956 and WO 92/13957.

C. Introduction of the barnase and the barstar genes. See Paul et al.,Plant Mol. Biol. 19:611-622, 1992).

Methods for Potato Transformation

Numerous methods for plant transformation have been developed includingbiological and physical plant transformation protocols. See, forexample, Miki et al., “Procedures for Introducing Foreign DNA intoPlants” in Methods in Plant Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, Glick,B. R. and Thompson, J. E. Eds. (CRC Press, Inc. Boca Raton, 1993) pages67-88. In addition, expression vectors and in-vitro culture methods forplant cell or tissue transformation and regeneration of plants areavailable. See, for example, Gruber et al., “Vectors for PlantTransformation” in Methods in Plant Molecular Biology and Biotechnology,Glick, B. R. and Thompson, J. E. Eds. (CRC Press, Inc., Boca Raton,1993) pages 89-119.

A. Agrobacterium-mediated Transformation—One method for introducing anexpression vector into plants is based on the natural transformationsystem of Agrobacterium. See, for example, Horsch et al., Science227:1229 (1985). A. tumefaciens and A. rhizogenes are plant pathogenicsoil bacteria which genetically transform plant cells. The Ti and Riplasmids of A. tumefaciens and A. rhizogenes, respectively, carry genesresponsible for genetic transformation of the plant. See, for example,Kado, C. I., Crit. Rev. Plant Sci. 10:1 (1991). Descriptions ofAgrobacterium vector systems and methods for Agrobacterium-mediated genetransfer are provided by Gruber et al., supra, Miki et al., supra andMoloney et al., Plant Cell Reports 8:238 (1989). See also, U.S. Pat. No.5,563,055 (Townsend and Thomas), issued Oct. 8, 1996.

B. Direct Gene Transfer—Several methods of plant transformationcollectively referred to as direct gene transfer have been developed asan alternative to Agrobacterium-mediated transformation. A generallyapplicable method of plant surface of microprojectiles measuring 1 to 4μm. The expression vector is introduced into plant tissues with abiolistic device that accelerates the microprojectiles to speeds of 300to 600 m/s which is sufficient to penetrate plant cell walls andmembranes. Sanford et al., Part. Sci. Technol. 5:27 (1987); Sanford, J.C., Trends Biotech. 6:299 (1988); Klein et al., Bio/Technology.6:559-563 (1988); Sanford, J. C. Physiol Plant 7:206 (1990); Klein etal., Biotechnology 10:268 (1992). See also U.S. Pat. No. 5,015,580(Christou, et al.), issued May 14, 1991 and U.S. Pat. No. 5,322,783(Tomes, et al.), issued Jun. 21, 1994.

Another method for physical delivery of DNA to plants is sonication oftarget cells. Zhang et al., Bio/Technology 9:996 (1991). Alternatively,liposome and spheroplast fusion have been used to introduce expressionvectors into plants. Deshayes et al., EMBO J., 4:2731 (1985); Christouet al., Proc Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 84:3962 (1987). Direct uptake ofDNA into protoplasts using CaCl₂ precipitation, polyvinyl alcohol orpoly-L-ornithine has also been reported. Hain et al., Mol. Gen. Genet.199:161 (1985) and Draper et al., Plant Cell Physiol. 23:451 (1982).Electroporation of protoplasts and whole cells and tissues have alsobeen described. Donn et al., In Abstracts of VIIth InternationalCongress on Plant Cell and Tissue Culture IAPTC, A2-38, p 53 (1990);D'Halluin et al., Plant Cell 4:1495-1505 (1992) and Spencer et al.,Plant Mol. Biol. 24:51-61 (1994).

Following transformation of potato target tissues, expression of theabove-described selectable marker genes allows for preferentialselection of transformed cells, tissues and/or plants, usingregeneration and selection methods well known in the art.

The foregoing methods for transformation would typically be used forproducing a transgenic variety. The transgenic variety could then becrossed with another (non-transformed or transformed) variety in orderto produce a new transgenic variety. Alternatively, a genetic trait thathas been engineered into a particular potato line using the foregoingtransformation techniques could be moved into another line usingtraditional backcrossing techniques that are well known in the plantbreeding arts. For example, a backcrossing approach could be used tomove an engineered trait from a public, non-elite variety into an elitevariety, or from a variety containing a foreign gene in its genome intoa variety or varieties that do not contain that gene. As used herein,“crossing” can refer to a simple X by Y cross or the process ofbackcrossing depending on the context.

Single-Gene Conversion

Persons of ordinary skill in the art will recognize that when the termpotato plant is used in the context of the present invention, this alsoincludes derivative varieties that retain the essential distinguishingcharacteristics of FL 2101, such as a Single Gene Converted plant ofthat variety or a transgenic derivative having one or more value-addedgenes incorporated therein (such as herbicide or pest resistance).Backcrossing methods can be used with the present invention to improveor introduce a characteristic into the variety. The term backcrossing asused herein refers to the repeated crossing 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9 ormore times of a hybrid progeny back to the recurrent parents. Theparental potato plant which contributes the gene for the desiredcharacteristic is termed the nonrecurrent or donor parent. Thisterminology refers to the fact that the nonrecurrent parent is used onetime in the backcross protocol and therefore does not recur. Theparental potato plant to which the gene or genes from the nonrecurrentparent are transferred is known as the recurrent parent as it is usedfor several rounds in the backcrossing protocol. In a typical backcrossprotocol, the original variety of interest (recurrent parent) is crossedto a second variety (nonrecurrent parent) that carries the single geneof interest to be transferred. The resulting progeny from this cross arethen crossed again to the recurrent parent and the process is repeateduntil a potato plant is obtained wherein essentially all of the desiredmorphological and physiological characteristics of the recurrent parentare recovered in the converted plant, in addition to the single genetransferred from the nonrecurrent parent.

The selection of a suitable recurrent parent is an important step for asuccessful backcrossing procedure. The goal of a backcross protocol isto alter or substitute a single trait or characteristic in the originalvariety. To accomplish this, a single gene of the recurrent variety ismodified, substituted or supplemented with the desired gene from thenonrecurrent parent, while retaining essentially all of the rest of thedesired genes, and therefore the desired physiological and morphologicalconstitution of the original variety. The choice of the particularnonrecurrent parent will depend on the purpose of the backcross. One ofthe major purposes is to add some commercially desirable, agronomicallyimportant trait to the plant. The exact backcrossing protocol willdepend on the characteristic or trait being altered or added todetermine an appropriate testing protocol. Although backcrossing methodsare simplified when the characteristic being transferred is a dominantallele, a recessive allele may also be transferred. In this instance, itmay be necessary to introduce a test of the progeny to determine if thedesired characteristic has been successfully transferred.

Likewise, transgenes can be introduced into the plant using any of avariety of established recombinant methods well-known to persons skilledin the art, such as: Gressel, 1985, Biotechnologically ConferringHerbicide Resistance in Crops: The Present Realities, In Molecular Formand Function of the Plant Genome, L. van Vloten-Doting, (ed.), PlenumPress, New York; Huttner, S. L., et al., 1992, Revising Oversight ofGenetically Modified Plants, Bio/Technology; Klee, H., et al., 1989,Plant Gene Vectors And Genetic Transformation: Plant TransformationSystems Based on the use of Agrobacterium tumefaciens, Cell Culture andSomatic Cell Genetics of Plants; Koncz, C., et al., 1986, The Promoterof T_(L)-DNA Gene 5 Controls the Tissue-Specific Expression of ChimericGenes Carried by a Novel Type of Agrobacterium Binary Vector; Molecularand General Genetics; Lawson, C., et al., 1990, Engineering Resistanceto Mixed Virus Infection in a Commercial Potato Cultivar: Resistance toPotato Virus X and Potato Virus Y in Transgenic Russet Burbank,Bio/Technology; Mitsky, T. A., et al., 1996, Plants Resistant toInfection by PLRV. U.S. Pat. No. 5,510,253; Newell, C. A., et al., 1991,Agrobacterium-Mediated Transformation of Solanum tuberosum L. Cv. RussetBurbank, Plant Cell Reports; Perlak, F. J., et al., 1993, GeneticallyImproved Potatoes: Protection from Damage by Colorado Potato Beetles,Plant Molecular Biology; all of which are specifically incorporatedherein by reference.

Many single gene traits have been identified that are not regularlyselected for in the development of a new variety but that can beimproved by backcrossing and genetic engineering techniques. Single genetraits may or may not be transgenic, examples of these traits includebut are not limited to: herbicide resistance; resistance to bacterial,fungal or viral disease; insect resistance; uniformity or increase inconcentration of starch and other carbohydrates; enhanced nutritionalquality; decrease in tendency of tuber to bruise; and decrease in therate of starch conversion to sugars. These genes are generally inheritedthrough the nucleus. Several of these single gene traits are describedin U.S. Pat. No. 5,500,365, U.S. Pat. No. 5,387,756, U.S. Pat. No.5,789,657, U.S. Pat. No. 5,503,999, U.S. Pat. No. 5,589,612, U.S. Pat.No. 5,510,253, U.S. Pat. No. 5,304,730, U.S. Pat. No. 5,382,429, U.S.Pat. No. 5,503,999, U.S. Pat. No. 5,648,249, U.S. Pat. No. 5,312,912,U.S. Pat. No. 5,498,533, U.S. Pat. No. 5,276,268, U.S. Pat. No.4,900,676, U.S. Pat. No. 5,633,434 and U.S. Pat. No. 4,970,168.

This invention also is directed to methods for producing a potato plantby crossing a first parent potato plant with a second parent potatoplant wherein the first or second parent potato plant is a potato plantof cultivar FL 2101. Further, both first and second parent potato plantscan come from potato cultivar FL 2101. Thus, any such methods usingpotato cultivar FL 2101 are part of this invention: selfing,backcrosses, hybrid production, crosses to populations, and the like.All plants produced using potato cultivar FL 2101 as at least one parentare within the scope of this invention, including those developed fromcultivars derived from potato cultivar FL 2101. Advantageously, thispotato cultivar could be used in crosses with other, different, potatoplants to produce the first generation (F₁) potato hybrid seeds andplants with superior characteristics. The cultivar of the invention canalso be used for transformation where exogenous genes are introduced andexpressed by the cultivar of the invention. Genetic variants createdeither through traditional breeding methods using potato cultivar FL2101 or through transformation of cultivar FL 2101 by any of a number ofprotocols known to those of skill in the art are intended to be withinthe scope of this invention.

The following describes breeding methods that may be used with potatocultivar FL 2101 in the development of further potato plants. One suchembodiment is a method for developing a cultivar FL 2101 progeny potatoplant in a potato plant breeding program comprising: obtaining thepotato plant, or a part thereof, of cultivar FL 2101 utilizing saidplant or plant part as a source of breeding material and selecting apotato cultivar FL 2101 progeny plant with molecular markers in commonwith cultivar FL 2101 and/or with morphological and/or physiologicalcharacteristics selected from the characteristics listed in Tables 1 or2. Breeding steps that may be used in the potato plant breeding programinclude pedigree breeding, back crossing, mutation breeding, andrecurrent selection. In conjunction with these steps, techniques such asRFLP-enhanced selection, genetic marker enhanced selection (for exampleSSR markers) and the making of double haploids may be utilized.

Another method involves producing a population of potato cultivar FL2101 progeny potato plants, comprising crossing cultivar FL 2101 withanother potato plant, thereby producing a population of potato plants,which, on average, derive 50% of their alleles from potato cultivar FL2101. A plant of this population may be selected and repeatedly selfedor sibbed with a potato cultivar resulting from these successive filialgenerations. One embodiment of this invention is the potato cultivarproduced by this method and that has obtained at least 50% of itsalleles from potato cultivar FL 2101.

One of ordinary skill in the art of plant breeding would know how toevaluate the traits of two plant varieties to determine if there is nosignificant difference between the two traits expressed by thosevarieties. For example, see Fehr and Walt, Principles of CultivarDevelopment, p 261-286 (1987). Thus the invention includes potatocultivar FL 2101 progeny potato plants comprising a combination of atleast two cultivar FL 2101 traits selected from the group consisting ofthose listed in Tables 1 and 2 or the cultivar FL 2101 combination oftraits listed in the Summary of the Invention, so that said progenypotato plant is not significantly different for said traits than potatocultivar FL 2101 as determined at the 5% significance level when grownin the same environmental conditions. Using techniques described herein,molecular markers may be used to identify said progeny plant as a potatocultivar FL 2101 progeny plant. Mean trait values may be used todetermine whether trait differences are significant, and preferably thetraits are measured on plants grown under the same environmentalconditions. Once such a variety is developed its value is substantialsince it is important to advance the germplasm base as a whole in orderto maintain or improve traits such as yield, disease resistance, pestresistance, and plant performance in extreme environmental conditions.

Progeny of potato cultivar FL 2101 may also be characterized throughtheir filial relationship with potato cultivar FL 2101, as for example,being within a certain number of breeding crosses of potato cultivar FL2101. A breeding cross is a cross made to introduce new genetics intothe progeny, and is distinguished from a cross, such as a self or a sibcross, made to select among existing genetic alleles. The lower thenumber of breeding crosses in the pedigree, the closer the relationshipbetween potato cultivar FL 2101 and its progeny. For example, progenyproduced by the methods described herein may be within 1, 2, 3, 4 or 5breeding crosses of potato cultivar FL 2101.

As used herein, the term plant includes plant cells, plant protoplasts,plant cell tissue cultures from which potato plants can be regenerated,plant calli, plant clumps, and plant cells that are intact in plants orparts of plants, such as embryos, pollen, ovules, flowers, pods, leaves,roots, root tips, anthers, and the like.

Further reproduction of the variety can occur by tissue culture andregeneration. Tissue culture of various plant tissues and regenerationof plants therefrom is well known and widely published. For example,reference may be had to Komatsuda, T. et al., Crop Sci. 31:333-337(1991); Stephens, P. A., et al., Theor. Appl. Genet. (1991) 82:633-635;Komatsuda, T. et al., Plant Cell, Tissue and Organ Culture, 28:103-113(1992); Dhir, S. et al., Plant Cell Reports (1992) 11:285-289; Pandey,P. et al., Japan J. Breed. 42:1-5 (1992); and Shetty, K., et al., PlantScience 81:245-251 (1992); as well as U.S. Pat. No. 5,024,944 issuedJun. 18, 1991 to Collins et al., and U.S. Pat. No. 5,008,200 issued Apr.16, 1991 to Ranch et al. Thus, another aspect of this invention is toprovide cells which upon growth and differentiation produce potatoplants having the physiological and morphological characteristics ofpotato cultivar FL 2101.

As used herein, the term “tissue culture” indicates a compositioncomprising isolated cells of the same or a different type or acollection of such cells organized into parts of a plant. Exemplarytypes of tissue cultures are protoplasts, calli, plant clumps, and plantcells that can generate tissue culture that are intact in plants orparts of plants, such as embryos, pollen, flowers, seeds, pods, leaves,stems, roots, root tips, anthers, and the like. Means for preparing andmaintaining plant tissue culture are well known in the art. By way ofexample, a tissue culture comprising organs has been used to produceregenerated plants. U.S. Pat. Nos. 5,959,185; 5,973,234 and 5,977,445describe certain techniques, the disclosures of which are incorporatedherein by reference.

Tables

In table 2 below, the glycoalkaloid concentration of FL 2101 is comparedwith that of Atlantic. Column 1 shows the variety, column 2 shows thetest year and column 3 shows the total glycoalkaloids in mg/100 g freshtissue.

TABLE 2 Glycoalkaloid Concentration Total glycoalkaloids Variety Year(mg/100 g fresh) FL 2101 2003 9.01 FL 2101 2005 7.95 FL 2101 2005 8.05Atlantic 2003 12.59 Atlantic 2003 3.29 Atlantic 2003 6.01 Atlantic-USDA2004 9.21 Atlantic 2004 13.87 Atlantic 2005 7.4

Deposit Information

A tuber deposit of the Frito-Lay North America, Inc. proprietary potatovariety, FL 2101, disclosed above and recited in the appended claims hasbeen made with American Type culture collection (ATCC), 10801 UniversityBoulevard, Manassas, Va. 20110. The date of deposit was Jun. 10, 2008.The deposit of 25 vials of tubers was taken from the same depositmaintained by Frito-Lay North America, Inc., since prior to filing thedate of this application. All restrictions upon this deposit have beenremoved, and the deposit is intended to meet all of the requirements of37 C.F.R 1.801-1.809. The ATCC Accession number is PTA-9263. The depositwill be maintained in depository for a period of 30 years, or 5 yearsafter the last request, or for the effective life of the patent,whichever is longer, and will be replaced as necessary during thatperiod.

While a number of exemplary aspects and embodiments have been discussedabove, those of skill in the art will recognize certain modifications,permutations, additions and sub-combinations thereof. It is thereintended that the following appended claims and claims hereafterintroduced are interpreted to include all such modifications,permutations, additions and sub-combinations as are within their truespirit and scope.

1. A potato tuber, or a part of a tuber, of potato cultivar FL 2101,wherein a representative sample of tubers was deposited under ATCCAccession No. PTA-9263.
 2. A potato plant, or a part thereof, producedby growing the tuber, or a part of the tuber, of claim
 1. 3. A potatoplant having all of the physiological and morphological characteristicsof the plant of claim
 2. 4. A tissue culture of cells produced from theplant of claim 2, wherein said cells of the tissue culture are producedfrom a plant part selected from the group consisting of leaves, pollen,embryos, cotyledons, hypocotyl, meristematic cells, roots, root tips,pistils, anthers, flowers, stems and tubers.
 5. A potato plantregenerated from the tissue culture of claim 4, wherein said plant hasall of the physiological and morphological characteristics of the potatoplant grown from potato tuber FL
 2101. 6. A potato seed produced bygrowing the potato tuber, or a part of the tuber, of claim
 1. 7. Apotato plant, or a part thereof, produced by growing the seed of claim6.
 8. A potato plant regenerated from tissue culture of the plant ofclaim 7, wherein said plant has all of the physiological andmorphological characteristics of the potato plant grown from potatotuber FL
 2101. 9. A method for producing a hybrid potato seed comprisingcrossing a first parent potato plant with a second parent potato plantand harvesting the resultant hybrid potato seed, wherein said firstparent potato plant or second parent potato plant is the potato plant ofclaim
 2. 10. A method for producing a hybrid potato seed comprisingcrossing a first parent potato plant with a second parent potato plantand harvesting the resultant hybrid potato seed, wherein said firstparent potato plant or second parent potato plant is the potato plant ofclaim
 7. 11. A method of introducing a desired trait into potatocultivar FL 2101 wherein the method comprises: (a) crossing an FL 2101plant, wherein a representative sample of tubers was deposited underATCC Accession No. PTA-9263, with a plant of another potato cultivarthat comprises a desired trait to produce progeny plants wherein thedesired trait is selected from the group consisting of male sterility,herbicide resistance, insect resistance, modified fatty acid metabolism,modified carbohydrate metabolism and resistance to bacterial disease,fungal disease or viral disease; (b) selecting one or more progenyplants that have the desired trait to produce selected progeny plants;(c) crossing the selected progeny plants with the FL 2101 plants toproduce backcross progeny plants; (d) selecting for backcross progenyplants that have the desired trait and the physiological andmorphological characteristics of potato cultivar FL 2101 listed in Table1 (e) repeating steps (c) and (d) three or more times in succession toproduce selected fourth or higher backcross progeny plants that comprisethe desired trait and all of the physiological and morphologicalcharacteristics of potato cultivar FL 2101 listed in Table
 1. 12. Aplant produced by the method of claim 11 wherein the plant has thedesired trait and all of the physiological and morphologicalcharacteristics of potato cultivar FL 2101 listed in Table
 1. 13. Theplant of claim 12 wherein the desired trait is herbicide resistance andthe resistance is conferred to an herbicide selected from the groupconsisting of imidazolinone, sulfonylurea, glyphosate, glufosinate,L-phosphinothricin, triazine and benzonitrile.
 14. The plant of claim 12wherein the desired trait is insect resistance and the insect resistanceis conferred by a transgene encoding a Bacillus thuringiensis endotoxin.15. The plant of claim 12 wherein the desired trait is modified fattyacid metabolism or modified carbohydrate metabolism and said desiredtrait is conferred by a nucleic acid encoding a protein selected fromthe group consisting of fructosyltransferase, levansucrase, α-amylase,invertase and starch branching enzyme or encoding an antisense ofstearyl-ACP desaturase.
 16. A method of producing an herbicide resistantpotato plant wherein the method comprises transforming the potato plantof claim 2 with a transgene that confers resistance to an herbicideselected from the group consisting of imidazolinone, sulfonylurea,glyphosate, glufosinate, L-phosphinothricin, triazine and benzonitrile.17. An herbicide resistant potato plant produced by the method of claim16.
 18. A method of producing an insect resistant potato plant whereinthe method comprises transforming the potato plant of claim 2 with atransgene that confers insect resistance.
 19. An insect resistant potatoplant produced by the method of claim
 18. 20. The potato plant of claim19, wherein the transgene encodes a Bacillus thuringiensis endotoxin.21. A method of producing a disease resistant potato plant wherein themethod comprises transforming the potato plant of claim 2 with atransgene that confers disease resistance.
 22. A disease resistantpotato plant produced by the method of claim
 21. 23. A method ofproducing a potato plant with modified fatty acid metabolism or modifiedcarbohydrate metabolism wherein the method comprises transforming thepotato plant of claim 2 with a transgene encoding a protein selectedfrom the group consisting of phytase, fructosyltransferase,levansucrase, α-amylase, invertase and starch branching enzyme orencoding an antisense of stearyl-ACP desaturase.
 24. A potato planthaving modified fatty acid metabolism or modified carbohydratemetabolism produced by the method of claim 23.